Energy is only transferred or transformed.

It starts as chemical energy stored in the muscles of the unruly student’s arm.  Chemical reactions associated with muscle contraction release some of this energy.  This becomes the energy of motion, or kinetic energy, of the student’s hand and book.  And like the roller coaster car…

As the book rises, it slows down and its kinetic energy decreases.  But the kinetic energy is not destroyed.  Instead it is converted into another form of energy, called gravitational energy.

The gravitational potential energy of the book is converted back into kinetic energy as the book falls down.

Energy is released as sound.  When the book strikes the ground, it makes a noise.

And if the temperature of the ground and the book were to be measured precisely after the impact, a slight increase in temperature would be recorded in both.  An increase in temperature in any substance is associated with the increase of the internal energy of its molecular constituents.